S&P 500 Annual Total Return By Year From 1927 To 2013

The S&P 500 is up 3.13% and 4.78% year-to-date in terms of price and total returns respectively. Total return is higher since it includes dividends. The index has given up much of the gains recently from the peak reached earlier this year as markets around the world have become extremely volatile due to a variety of issues including worries about global growth, interest rate increase by the Federal Reserve, Ebola virus, Ukraine crisis, ISIS, Syria, oil prices, global warming, German exports,  China slowdown, collapse of commodity prices, lack of public sighting of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, Catalonia’s independence from Spain, Hong Kong protests, Russian economy and so forth.

In 2013, the S&P soared by a staggering 30%. When dividends are included the return was even higher at 32.39%. After that strong run up last year and the return of volatility with a vengeance, many investors may be wondering if the rest of the year will bring further correction in stock prices. Such worries may be misplaced. According to a research report by LPL Financial, strong returns in equities are historically followed by more strong years. Hence though stocks are going through violent swings now it might as well turn out to be another strong year for the US market.

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SP 500 Total Returns By Year

Source:  Outlook 2014, LPL Financial

From the research report:

Some may fear an outsized gain in the stock market during 2013, is surely to be punished with losses in the coming year. However, historically after a one-year total return in the 25 – 30% range, the S&P 500 has followed it up by more solid years of gains. In fact, the average return in a year following a 25 – 30% gain was 12%, and stocks posted a double-digit gain in four of the five occurrences (the exception was 1961’s gain of 26.9%, which was followed by a loss of 8.7% in 1962) [Figure 4]. In fact, most of the years were actually followed by several years of strong gains, as was the case in 1943,2003, and 2009.

Related ETF:

  • SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY)

Disclosure: No Positions

Personal Saving Rate: China vs. USA

Chinese are big savers compared to Americans. Traditionally households in China save a high portion of their income due to many factors such as culture, lack of a social safety net, lack of availability of credit, need for healthcare expenses, etc. Unlike the U.S., China does not yet have things like medicare, medicaid, social security, etc. This is surprising considering China is a communist country.

On the other hand, Americans generally are big spenders as opposed to savers.Despite being a capitalist country, the state runs a multitude of social programs to ensure that nobody dies due to starvation of lack of ability to pay for healthcare or live in destitution in old age. It must also be noted that such programs were put in place in order to have some social equity and prevent the extreme adverse effects of capitalism that occurred in the 19th century.

In the U.S., the Personal Saving Rate as as a Percentage of Disposable Income stood at just 5.4%. The rate briefly rose over 10% in 2012 and is now lower as the improving economy encourages people to spend more than save.

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US Personal Saving Rate

Source: St.Louis Federal Reserve

According to a report by RBC Global Asset Management report published last year, Chinese save ten times more of their income than that of Americans.

Personal Saving Rate China vs. USA

Source:  Economic Compass, Issue 24, August 2013,RBC Global Asset Management

The high savings rate in China is one reason why the Chinese government’s policies to transform China’s manufacturing-based economy to a consumption-based economy has been unsuccessful until now. A huge cultural change has to occur in order for Chinese to embrace mass consumerism like in the U.S.

Why Own Global Stocks With High Dividend Payout Ratios

Investors looking for dividend income from equities must consider adding foreign stocks. Going overseas not only provides potentially higher dividends but also other benefits such as diversification, higher capital growth potential, etc. As I have mentioned many times before the dividend yield of the S&P 500 is around 2%. This rate is low compared to many foreign equity markets.

Here is an interesting new perspective on global dividend stocks from a report by Thornburg Investment Management:

Perspectives on dividends vary between cultures. Among many U.S.-domiciled companies, where executive compensation is tied to growing the share price,dividends are a sign of limited reinvestment opportunities. Arnott and Asness (2003) showed, however, that companies with high dividend payout ratios tend to subsequently have higher earnings growth than companies with lower payout ratios, and that the higher earnings growth may be due to better allocation of capital. This view of dividend payout is more prevalent outside the United States, where payment of high and growing dividends is viewed as a sign of financial strength. A comparison of dividend yields among countries illustrates this cultural difference (Figure 1).

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Dividend Yields by Country

 

Source: Investing in Retirement Using a Global Dividend Income Strategy, Thornburg Investment Management, August 2014

The Arnott and Asness study from 2003 showing that companies with high dividend payout ratios tend to subsequently have higher earnings growth than companies with lower payout ratios is fascinating. The following is the abstract from their research paper:

We investigate whether dividend policy, as observed in the payout ratio of the U.S. equity market portfolio, forecasts future aggregate earnings growth. The historical evidence strongly suggests that expected future earnings growth is fastest when current payout ratios are high and slowest when payout ratios are low. This relationship is not subsumed by other factors, such as simple mean reversion in earnings. Our evidence thus contradicts the views of many who believe that substantial reinvestment of retained earnings will fuel faster future earnings growth. Rather, it is consistent with anecdotal tales about managers signaling their earnings expectations through dividends or engaging, at times, in inefficient empire building. Our findings offer a challenge to market observers who see the low dividend payouts of recent times as a sign of strong future earnings to come.

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Relationship between Payout Ratio and Earnings Growth

Source: Surprise! Higher Dividends = Higher Earnings Growth, Robert D. Arnott and Clifford S. Asness, 2003, AIMR

Hence it is a wise strategy to diversify one’s portfolio with high-quality dividend-paying stocks from foreign countries.

Ten international dividend opportunities are listed below with their current dividend yields for consideration:

1.Company: Westpac Banking Corp (WBK)
Current Dividend Yield: 5.72%
Sector:Banking
Country: Australia

2.Company: Banco Santander SA (SAN)
Current Dividend Yield: 8.92%
Sector: Banking
Country: Spain

3.Company: British American Tobacco PLC(BTI)
Current Dividend Yield: 4.35%
Sector: Tobacco
Country: UK

4.Company: Nestle SA (NSRGY)
Current Dividend Yield: 3.37%
Sector: Food Products
Country: Switzerland

5.Company:Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd (TSM)
Current Dividend Yield: 2.40%
Sector: Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment
Country:Taiwan

6.Company: Deutsche Telekom AG (DTEGY)
Current Dividend Yield: 4.62%
Sector:Telecom
Country:Germany

7.Company: Royal Bank of Canada (RY)
Current Dividend Yield: 3.75%
Sector: Banking
Country: Canada

8.Company: Orange (ORAN)
Current Dividend Yield: 6.62%
Sector: Telecom
Country: France

9.Company: Total SA (TOT)
Current Dividend Yield: 5.33%
Sector:Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels
Country: France

10.Company: Telstra Corp Ltd (TLSYY)
Current Dividend Yield: 5.65%
Sector: Telecom
Country: Australia

Note: Dividend yields noted above are as of Oct 6, 2014. Data is known to be accurate from sources used.Please use your own due diligence before making any investment decisions.

Disclosure:Long RY, SAN

A Comparison of the Automobile Market in China and USA

China is one of the world’s leading market for auto manufacturers. As an emerging country with a population of over 1.3 billion the market is huge and the demand for cars from the growing middle-class is rising every year. As a result most of the world’s top auto makers have a presence in China.

According to a report in The Wall Street Journal earlier this year, 17.9 million passenger cars were sold in China last year. Consulting firm IHS expects sales to jump by 10% this year and 8% next year.

The following chart shows the total annual auto sales by year:

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China Auto Sales by Year

Source: Car Makers Renew Efforts to Woo First-Time Buyers in China, The Wall Street Journal, April 18, 2014

The U.S. has a smaller population relative to China. With a population of over 316.0 million the market for cars is still large but saturated. While China had a sales volume of 17.9 million passenger cars in 2013, the sales of light vehicles reached 15.5 million in the U.S. according to Auto Alliance data. Light vehicles include cars and light trucks. This year the industry expects to sell over 16 million units. As of September total US sales has reached 12.4 million per WSJ data.

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US_Sales 2007 to 2013

Historical US_Sales 2007 to 2013

 

Source: Auto Alliance

Though the total annual sales in China was higher than in the U.S. last year it does not tell the whole story. Despite the growing sales figures the auto penetration rate in China is much lower than in the U.S. and hence the growth potential is excellent in China. The two charts below from a presentation by emerging markets guru Dr.Mark Mobius illustrates this clearly:

Auto Penetration Rate in US, India and China

Auto Market Growth potential in China and India

 

Source:  Emerging Markets Outlook, Oktober 2013, Franklin Templeton Investments

It remains to be seen if the automobile boom in Communist China continues moving forward since the state is now trying to restrict car ownership in response to the growing pollution problem.

Some of the global auto makers with big market shares in China include Volkwagen AG(VLKAY), Ford Motor Co.(F), General Motors Company(GM), Honda Motor Co. Ltd (HMC), Toyota Motor Corporation(TM), etc.

Disclosure: No Positions

Some Reasons On Why The Italian Economy Remains Sluggish

Pisa TowerItaly has a population of about 61.0 million and is predominantly Catholic. Despite being a member of the EU and generally considered as a wealthy, the country’s economy has been mostly stagnant in the past few years. While the country has a great history and culture,  in modern times Italy hasn’t kept pace with the rest of the developed world mostly due to archaic laws, bureaucracy, corruption and resistance to change. The country is highly dividend with the Northern part being wealthy and the Southern part mostly middle-class. With the election of the young Matteo Renz as Prime Minister, it is about time that the country implements much needed political reforms and aim towards higher economic growth and prosperity for all.

A few interesting economic facts about Italy are listed below:

  1. Northern Italy is highly industrialized with many private firms while Southern Italy is is mostly agricultural-based and less-developed.
  2. Italy has a large underground economy which by some estimates account for about 17% of the GDP.
  3. The GDP size was about $1.80  in 2013 based on purchasing power parity.
  4. Nearly three-fourths of the economy is dominated by the services industry.
  5. Italy is a budget deficit country meaning the government’s expenditures exceed revenues.
  6. The top three export partners are Germany, France and the US. The top three import partners are Germany, France and China.
  7. Italy’s public debt is over €2.0 trillion (US$2.77 trillion) or 133% of GDP.
  8. According to the Bank of Italy, 98% of Italian companies employ fewer than 15 people.
  9. Entrepreneurs in Italy evade taxes considerably. In fact, they evade over 50% of the income they owe.
  10. Similarly people who live off investment income evade 80% of the taxes they owe according to Bank of Italy’s estimates.

Sources: The World Factbook, CIA & Can Italy Find Its Way? Resistance to Change Means Slow Recovery, The Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2014

An article in Der Spiegel yesterday summed up the problems Italy is currently facing. From the article:

The state in Italy is not the solution, but part of the problem. Because the state doesn’t work very well, work is becoming an increasingly rare commodity.

Why does a civil or business lawsuit take an average of 2,992 days in Italy, while 900 days suffice in Germany? Why do private citizens and entrepreneurs need to deal with about one hundred new tax laws every year — the statistical equivalent of two new laws per week? Why is the state refusing to pay the over €75 billion in outstanding bills from deliverers and contractors, thus pushing many people into ruin? Why are 16,000 administrators and 12,000 inspectors receiving regal salaries to lead thousands of publically-owned companies, most of which have nothing to do with public services and only create deficits?

Italy’s manufacturers’ association has calculated that €13 billion could be saved in the public sector alone. One egregious example stems from the national tourism agency, which commissioned a project to globally showcase Italy’s beauty by displaying seven photos around the world. After one and a half years, the seven photos were complete but because there wasn’t enough money left for the planned TV and online ads or posters, no potential tourist ever saw them: The budget of €5 million had been entirely used to pay the salaries of the people involved.

Source: Bungle Bungle: Italy’s Failed Economic Turnaround, Der Spiegel, Oct 6, 2014

In Italy, even the capital city of Rome seems to be in desperate need of a makeover. An article in the latest edition of Bloomberg BusinessWeek discusses the issues facing Rome though the eyes of a dedicated blogger. From the article:

The neighborhood in which Massimiliano Tonelli is walking is more than 100 years old, built in central Rome shortly after the unification of Italy. Monumental buildings rise around a central park, in the corner of which lie the ruins of an ancient Roman fountain. The Colosseum is a 15-minute walk away.

As the 35-year-old blogger ambles, he counts off the blemishes: cracks and pits in the sidewalk; walls plastered with posters and pamphlets; beer bottles lying around a garbage bin; cars illegally and dangerously parked; a man drying his laundry on a park bench. “The city is so beautiful, potentially,” he says. “It’s absurd that it be left like this.” He looks up at one of the 19th century buildings, its facade resplendent in the morning sun. “Rome is a city that’s only beautiful from 3 meters high and upwards.”

Source: Rome Blogger Exposes City Ravaged by Neglect, Bloomberg BusinessWeek, Oct 2, 2014

From an investment perspective, there are not many Italian firms that trade on the US exchanges. Just five Italian ADRs trade on the NYSE. So investors looking to gain exposure to Italy, can consider the iShares MSCI Italy Capped  ETF (EWI). It has an asset base of $1.2 billion and has 28 holdings. The fund is heavily concentrated with financials accounting for nearly 37% of the total.

Currently no closed-end fund exists for Italy on the US markets.

Disclosure: Long EWI

Related:

  1. Why Italy Will Not Make It (LSE)