Gotthard Base Tunnel : The World’s Deepest And Longest Train Tunnel

The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) under the Alps in Switzerland is the world’s deepest and longest train tunnel. Tunneling began in 2002 and the 35-mile tunnel was opened in June, 2016. The entire project cost the Swiss $12.2 billion. The GBT would allow some 2oo to 250 freight trains daily to move freight from Northern to Southern Europe and vice versa. In addition passenger trains would also use the tunnel .

Here are maps of the tunnel:

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Gotthard Base Tunnel Map

gotthard_base_tunnel_map

 

Documentary Video:

Another short video:

Sources:

Exploring the world’s deepest and longest train tunnel, DW

Gotthard tunnel: World’s longest and deepest rail tunnel opens in Switzerland, BBC

Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT), Official Site

The Science Channel

World’s longest rail tunnel opens through Swiss Alps (PHOTOS, VIDEOS), RT

U.S. Stocks Have Outperformed Their Overseas Peers. So Should You Avoid Foreign Stocks Now?

“Home Sweet Home” – That may be the mantra some US investors may be tempted to follow now and avoid investing in foreign stocks. However following that strategy is not a wise move for many reasons. In this post, let us discuss some of the reasons on why abandoning foreign stocks is a bad idea.

While the S&P 500 is up by 3.54% so far this year, most developed European markets are still in the red with the Stoxx Europe 600 down 8.1%.

Jeffrey Kleintop at Charles Schwab published an article yesterday on global diversification. From the article “Three Reasons Why Now is Not the Time to Retreat from Global Diversification“:

1.The Brexit is another in a series of political, economic and financial shocks coming from outside the United States. So is it time for long-term investors to retreat from global diversification to the perceived relative safety of the U.S. stock market? We don’t think so for three main reasons:
2.Returns on global stocks have never been negative over the 10 years that followed valuations similar to where they are today.
3.International exposure offers increased diversification that can help buffer your portfolio against market downturns.

The next investing megatrend may be the adoption of middle class lifestyles on a global scale with huge implications for global providers of goods and services.

The fact that foreign stocks have underperformed until now while American equities are rising is not the reason to sell overseas stocks. Instead the opposite is probably likely to occur in the future – that is foreign stocks beating US stocks.

Another excerpt from Jeff’s piece:

Over the past 45 years, there have been alternating periods of time when U.S. and international stocks consistently outperformed each other. The length of time on a three year rolling basis that U.S. stocks have outperformed international stocks is now tied for the longest ever at 89 months, as you can see in the chart below. While U.S. outperformance could continue, abandoning international stock exposure in your portfolio now as the duration of U.S. outperformance sets a new all-time record in July 2016 may turn out to be the worst time.

US vs Foreign Stocks Returns

Shaded areas represent periods of MSCI USA Index outperforming MSCI EAFE Index for rolling 3-year period.

Source: Charles Schwab, Bloomberg data as of 7/10/2016.

In general, allocating between 25% and 50% of your stock holdings (or more, depending on your risk and return objectives) to international equities could benefit your portfolio.

The following are some additional reasons why investors should consider owing foreign equities in their portfolio:

  • Many foreign markets offer dividend yields that are much higher than the average 2% of the US market. So investors looking for dividend stocks benefit from having exposure to overseas.
  • Emerging countries can experience exponential economic growth. While not always guaranteed, equities in those markets can follow and soar to incredible levels. In these cases, owing emerging stocks can yield huge returns.
  • It is highly unlikely that the same country is the best performer year after after continuously (Refer to The Callan Periodic Table of Investment Returns 2015). So instead of owing only US stocks owing a diversified portfolio across many countries and markets can cushion a portfolio and generate decent returns.
  • Simply holding US multinationals to gain exposure to foreign markets won’t offer the same level of gain as investing in a domestic company of a foreign country. This is because multinationals are not always able to understand local markets and culture and accordingly cater to the demands of the market.A domestic company on the other hand is well positioned to meet local demand.

In summary, having a well-diversified portfolio including domestic and foreign equities, bonds and other assets and holding them for the long-term is a better approach. Ignoring foreign markets and putting all eggs into one basket like US stocks or vice versa is not a prudent strategy.

BRICS: Growth Rate and Economic and Fiscal Fundamentals

The first decade of the 21st century saw the golden period of the BRIC countries. Brazil, Russia, India and China enjoyed tremendous economic growth and accordingly their equity markets soared. With all the hyper regarding these countries it seemed that the future simply belonged to BRICs.

The term “BRICs” was coined by Jim O’Neil of Goldman Sachs in 2001 and quickly marketed as the catch-all term to ride the growth of emerging powers. The original BRICs became BRICS after South Africa was added to the group. However these days the BRICS have hit a brick wall. Following the demise of the term BRICS, others such as CIVETS, N-11, etc. But none of them caught on like the BRICs.

According to a research report by Vanguard, between 2011 and 2015 economic growth of BRICS and other major emerging countries slowed as shown in the graphic below:

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BRICS-Growth Rate

The economic and fiscal fundamentals of BRICS are mixed as well:

BRICS-Fundamentals

Countries such as Malaysia and Mexico are stronger than BRICS based on the three factors shown above.

The key takeaway for investors is that economic growth in emerging markets can grow exponentially in short time only to go in the other direction much quicker than anyone can realize.

Source: Are emerging markets still built on the BRICS?, Vanguard

Related ETFs:

  • Market Vectors Russia ETF (RSX)
  • iShares MSCI Brazil Capped ETF (EWZ)
  • iShares MSCI Mexico Capped Investable Market ETF (EWW)
  • iShares FTSE/Xinhua China 25 Index  ETF (FXI)

Disclosure: No Positions

Gold Prices Since 1920: Chart

Gold is generally considered as an asset to hold against inflation. During periods of market volatility investors tend to flock to the yellow metal. Today gold for August delivery closed at $1,356 an ounce.

Over the course of many decades gold has seem dramatic rises and falls. The following chart shows the price of gold since 1920:

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Gold Price Since 1920

Source: Five risk/reward charts that long-term investors need to bookmark, FE Trustnet

From the article:

The price of gold was fixed at $20 per troy ounce under the Gold Standard Act until 1933, then Roosevelt revalued it at $35 in the midst of the Great Depression under the Gold Reserve Act of 1933. The Bretton Woods Agreement set a system of fixed exchange rates for major currencies in gold terms in 1994 but the US abandoned this in 1971.

Gold moved from $100 to more than $660 between 1976 and 1980 because of stagflation, with the yellow metal’s bull market brought to an end by anti-inflationary monetary policy in the 1980s. However, gold is now much higher than it was then.

“Intense deleveraging and zero interest rate policies across the G7 fuelled another bull market in gold, pushing prices from $600 per ounce to a peak of $1,900 per ounce in September 2011,” BofA ML said. “Recent declines in tail-risk fears and the prospect of the end of QE in the US caused gold to plunge to a six-year low of $1,051 per ounce by the end of 2015.”

Related ETF:

  • SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD)

Disclosure: No Positions

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