Some U.S. Banks Are In Better Shape Than Their European Peers

The European Central Bank warned yesterday that euro-zone banks faced an additional $239 billion in write-downs this year and next due to the economic outlook that is “clouded by uncertainty.”

From the Journal’s article titled ECB Warns Write-Downs Could Reach $239 Billion:

Europe-US-Banks-Leverage-Ratio

“The U.S. and U.K. moved aggressively in 2008 and 2009 to replenish their banks’ capital buffers, sometimes with taxpayer funds.

Most of Europe didn’t follow suit, because their banking systems were largely spared the carnage of their Anglo-American counterparts. But as a result, most European banks today have thinner capital cushions and heavier debt loads than their U.S. and U.K. rivals, leaving them vulnerable to an economic slowdown.

“Some European banks have less capital and more leverage than their U.S. counterparts and…the crisis in Europe seems to have lagged behind that in the U.S. in both the writing off of losses and in the speed of raising more capital,” said Angel Gurria, secretary-general of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in a speech in May.

OECD figures show that a selection of major U.S. banks are operating with leverage ratios—the ratio of assets to common equity—of between 12 and 17. By comparison, the same ratio for a group of major European banks ranged from 21 to 49, according to the OECD.”

It is interesting to note that the Spanish banking giant Banco Santander (STD) has a lower leverage ratio than France’s BNP Paribas(OTC: BNPQY) and Societe Generale(OTC: SCGLY), Germany’s Deutsche Bank (DB) and Switzerland’s UBS AG (UBS). Banco Santander was recommended recently by David G.Herroof Harris Associates, named international fund manager of the decade by Morningstar. STD closed at $.983 today putting it very close to the 52-week low of $9.17.

New ADR: Seadrill – Norwegian Offshore Deepwater Driller

Seadrill, a leading Norwegian offshore drilling company started trading on the NYSE on April 15th with the ticker SDRL.

From the corporate site:
“The company operates a versatile fleet of 40 units for operations in shallow to ultra-deepwater areas in harsh environment and benign environments,

* Semi-submersibles
* Deepwater drillships
* Jack-ups
* Semi-tender rigs
* Tender rigs

Seadrill has some 7,500 skilled and highly competent employees, representing over 40 nationalities, operating in 15 countries on five continents.”

In the first quarter 2010, the net income net income was US$217M from total revenue of $853M. The company won new contracts and contract extensions totaling $2.7B.

Some interesting facts about Seadrill:

  1. 2nd largest offshore driller based on EV
  2. 2nd largest ultra-deepwater fleet
  3. Most modern offshore drilling rig fleet
  4. Has operations in Gulf of Mexico, Africa, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Norway and South Korea.
  5. The order back log stands at $10.8 B
  6. Top customers include Petrobras(PBR), Exxon Mobil(XOM), Total(TOT), Chevron(CVX), Statoil(STO), etc.

The stock closed at $27.18 on the first day of trading. On May 28th, Seadrill ADR closed at $20.68%. The current dividend yield is 7.98% and the total number shares outstanding is 399 million.

The Ten Most Traded Norwegian Stocks

The ten most traded Norwegian stocks on the Oslo Stock Exchange in April are listed below. If the company is traded in the U.S. markets the ticker and current dividend yield is also shown.

1. Statoil (STO)
Current Dividend Yield: 5.09%

2. Yara International (OTC: YARIY)
Current Dividend Yield: 2.32%

3. Seadrill (SDRL)
Current Dividend Yield: 7.98%

4. Norsk Hydro (OTC: NHYDY)
Current Dividend Yield: N/A

5. Renewable Energy Corporation (OTC: RNWEF)
Current Dividend Yield: N/A

6. DnB NOR (OTC: DNBHY)
Current Dividend Yield: 2.73% on the domestic listed stock

7. Telenor (OTC: TELNY)
Current Dividend Yield: 3.40%

8. Petroleum Geo-Services (OTC: PGSVY)
Current Dividend Yield: N/A

9. Royal Caribbean Cruises(RCL)
Current Dividend Yield: N/A
Note: Royal Caribbean is based in the US and the ticker noted is not an ADR

10. Acergy (ACGY)
Current Dividend Yield: 1.52%
Note: Acergy is based in the UK

Comparison of Dividend Yields Across Major Markets

The chart below shows the current dividend yields in some of the major equity markets:

Click to Enlarge

Current-Dividend-Yields-by-Country

Source: FT Market Data

Among the developed markets, except Japan the  U.S. has the lowest yield at 2.5% for the S&P 500. Spain is one of the worst performing markets in the first five months of this year. Due to this fall and other factors, the yield on the IBEX 35 at 6.2% is the highest among developed countries. New Zealand equities have traditionally paid high dividends. Hence the New Zealand has the second best yield at 5.1%. Compared to Brazil, Russia and China, India has the lowest yield.

Which is More Important: Job Security or Dividends?

When the property market crashed in the U.S., many experts argued that prices were 25% above trend. By mid-2008, property prices were down about 30% based on the Case-Shiller index. This meant that price correction was complete and the U.S. economy would go back to normal like it did eventually in Japan. However this did not happen.

One of the reasons for this dichotomy is that Japan has a very different kind of economy in terms of corporate governance. Japanese firms are much more stake-holder oriented whereas U.S. firms are shareholder oriented. This implies that Japanese companies care about their workers, suppliers and other stakeholders than just their shareholders. Hence Japanese firms have traditionally reacted very differently to shocks and crises than U.S. firms.

The evidence of this phenomenon is provided by the answer to the following survey question:

“What’s the prevalent view in your country? If times get bad, should firms maintain dividends and lay off workers or should firms cut dividends and keep stable employment?”

The chart below shows the answer to the above question.

Jobs-or-Dividends

The difference in answers between Japan, Germany, France,the U.S. and UK is very interesting. Japanese firms want to cut dividends and maintain employment. However it is the exact opposite in the U.S. and U.K. In these two countries shareholders of a firm take higher priority above everyone including workers. In Germany and France, firms prefer to maintain employment than pay dividends when faced with tough economic conditions.

Source: The Global Financial Crisis by Franklin Allen and Elena Carletti, Banco Central de Chile

The current unemployment rates in the five countries mentioned are:

Japan = 5.10% in April
Germany = 8.10% in April
France = 10.10% in March
USA = 9.50% in April
UK = 8.00% in March