The graph below shows the external debt of the G7 countries:

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Source: Finance and Development, June 2012, IMF

From the G7 Borrowing from Abroad article in the IMF magazine:

The United States has the most external debt of the world’s richest countries (the Group of Seven major industrial countries, or G7), but as a share of GDP, the United Kingdom tops the list. The gross external debt (that held by foreigners) of the United Kingdom exceeded four times its GDP in 2011, mainly because of its role as an active financial center.France, Germany, and Italy all had ratios over 100 percent.The U.S. external debt—$15 trillion in 2011—was equal to its GDP. That number has risen significantly over the past five years (from $11 trillion in 2006), in part to finance a high fiscal deficit.

U.S. debt as of 8/9/2012 is $15,915,814,457,919.46 according to U.S. Department of Treasury, Bureau of Public Debt. The Gross External Debt was 5264.0 millions (or) $5.2 Trillion at the end of April this year. Out of this amount, China and Japan are the largest foreign holders of US debt of over $1.0 Trillion each.

The insurance industry in the U.S. is dividend into Property & Casualty (P&C) and Life/Health Insurance companies. In other countries, the industry is split into life and non-life or general insurance companies.The insurance industry employs over 2.2 million or about 2% of the total U.S. workforce in the private sector .There were about 2,689 P&C companies and 1,061 Life&Health companies in 2010 in the U.S. according to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).

Life and Health insurers employ more workers than P&C insurers. In addition, because health care is expensive and health care costs continue to soar year after year, life and health insurance companies collect more premiums than the P&C companies. In total, Americans pay about a $1.0 Trillion in insurance premiums each year.

The following graph shows the total industry premiums in 2010:

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Source: 2012 Financial Services Fact Book 2012 by Insurance Information Institute and Financial Services Roundtable.

To put the $1.0 Trillion in perspective, the world insurance premiums (excluding U.S.) stood at $4.34 Trillions in 2010.Life insurance premiums account for a higher portion than non-life premiums worldwide. In fact, in many countries such as France, Germany and Japan people invest a large chunk of their retirement savings in life insurance policies. The U.S. GDP was about $15.0 Trillion in 2011. Since the insurance sector is part of the financial services industry and the financial industry plays a major role in the U.S. economy, the $1.0 Trillion insurance industry premiums is reasonable.

Tourism is increasingly becoming a major industry for many countries. International travel is growing in many emerging countries due to rising income levels and easier access to travel abroad. Globally, tourism spending totaled US$1.03 trillion in  2011 for increase of 3.8% over 2010 levels. The top three countries in international tourist arrivals ranked in order are France, USA and China in 2011. 79.5 tourists visited France last year which is more than its population of about 65.0 million.  In terms of revenues, the U.S. topped the list with international tourist receipts of just over $116.0 billion.

Here is an interesting chart on the global tourism market share:

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Source: Le Monde

During the great recession between 2006 and 2009 the unemployment rate in advanced countries increased more than in emerging countries. However the change in unemployment between developed countries rates has varied significantly. Some countries  such as Australia and Japan fared better while countries like Spain, Ireland, etc. experienced a strong growth in the unemployment rates.

In the U.S. the official unemployment rate as of July stood at 8.3% with some 12.8 million persons out of work. The latest unemployment rates in select advanced economies are shown below:

US = 8.3%
Germany = 6.8%
Canada = 7.3%
Australia = 5.2%
UK = 8.1%
Japan = 4.3%
France = 10.0%
Spain = 24.6%

According to the IMF, the unemployment rate in advanced countries is projected to fall by less than 0.5% by 2014 due to the week economic recovery.

According to the article “Tracking the Global Recovery” by Ayhan Jose, Prakash Loungani and Marco E.Torrones  in the latest version of IMF’s Finance and Development magazine,

Three factors account for this variation: the extent of growth (or lack thereof) in incomes, structural bottlenecks, and the impact of macroeconomic and labor market policies.Structural factors may have played a supporting role in some countries, particularly where the collapse of the housing sector was a major reason for the drop in output. And the role of policies, particularly labor market policies such as worksharing,could be important in some specific cases, such as in explaining why Germany had a decline in unemployment.

In Germany, employers receive subsidies to encourage them to retain workers but reduce their working hours and wages.

Among the three factors, the authors note that the growth factor is the most important.

The following chart shows the change in the unemployment rate for select advanced economies between 2007 and 2011:

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Source: Finance and Development, June 2012, IMF

Spain, Ireland, Portugal and the U.S. experienced the largest increase in unemployment rates for the period between 2007 and 2011. However  in Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, and Germany, the unemployment rate barely rose or even decreased over those years. The reason for the difference in unemployment rates between these two sets of countries can be attributed to Okun’s law which explains the relationship between increases in unemployment and decreases in a country’s GDP. It states that for every 1% in unemployment rate, a country’s GDP will decrease by about 2% from its potential GDP.